A T U Y P I

ATUYPI is an easy to memorize natural text-only format for reference data of – mainly scientific and engineering – publications. The main feature of this non-tagged simple format is that the bibliographic types (article, book, thesis, chapter of a book, web site,…) and data fields (author, page, volume…) are recognizable even by a computer program. The key idea is that these types are determined by the fields included. Text files following the ATUYPI format can be converted to other bibliography formats.

ATUYPI uses the same field order for every bibliography type. The acronym ATUYPI is the key to this order:

• A: Author (editor, translator)
• T: Title (or type) of document
• U: U-fields (volUme, issUe and pUblisher)
• Y: Year (or date)
• P: Page(s) and/or web Page
• I: Identifiers (DOI, Patent No., Report No., arXiv, ISBN, ISSN,…)

The author-title pair can be repeated at most three times, where the author or title field can be missing in some cases. For example, in a journal article an author-title pair is given for the article and a title (without author) for the journal.

An ATUYPI record is unable to contain all bibliographic data, so ATUYPI is not suitable for library cataloging, but perfectly enough for publications and reference lists.

The next example has bibliography records for an article, a book, a thesis and a proceedings article, that is an article in a collection of articles published in a book of a book series. In a bibliography list every record may start with a label.

{LLL} Lenstra, A K, Lenstra, H W (Jr), Lovász, L,
"Factoring polynomials with rational coefficients", 
"Mathematische Annalen" 261(4), (1982), 515–534, 
doi:10.1007/BF01457454

2. Geddes, K O, Czapor, S R, Labahn, G "Algorithms 
for Computer Algebra", Kluwer, 1992

[3] Schafer, B.W., "Cold-formed steel behavior and 
design: analytical and numerical modeling of elements 
and members with longitudinal stiffeners", 'PhD thesis', 
Cornell University; Ithaca, NY, USA, 1997

[ES-2009] Aslanov, V. S., "Oscillations of a Spacecraft 
with a Vertical Elastic Tether", In: Korsunsky, A.M. ed. 
"Current Themes in Engineering Science 2009", 
"AIP Conference Proceedings", America Institute of Physics, 2010, 1--16

ATUYPI follows some widely used bibliography conventions, but for the unique machine-readability, a few special ones are added. The most important rules are as follows:

• In an ATUYPI reference list the bibliography records are separated by empty lines. The fields of an ATUYPI record are closed by a comma followed by whitespace, but the comma can be omitted if
  • the field is enclosed by special characters like ", ', ], ), > or
  • finished by an abbreviation, like ed., edn., trans., or if
  • the next field is started by special characters like ", ', [, (, <.

  No comma is used when the field is closed by a colon or semicolon.

• The names of authors are separated by comma followed by whitespace. The format for names is one of the next two

  von Last, First
  von Last, First (suffix)
  

  So there is one comma in every name and one comma between two names. The first name(s) of any author can be abbreviated. Some examples:

  van Beethoven, Ludwig
  Kovács, István László
  Lenstra, H. W. (Jr)
  

• Every title is enquoted by " characters when the title is a "title of publication", "journal", "book series", or "conference". In some cases, the type of a publication can not be determined from the fields (e.g. 'Thesis', 'Doctoral dissertation', 'Technical Report'). In these cases the type of the publication is given as a higher level of title. This information is enquoted by ' characters.
• The Author-Title pair is repeatable at most three times. The first title is on the lowest, the last is on the highest level. For example "article title", "journal title" is the order of titles at a journal article, "chapter title", "book title", "series title" is the order of the titles in the reference to a chapter of a book of a book series.
• The name of a publisher and the address of the publisher may contain commas, so a semicolon is used before the address if it is given:

  Springer; Berlin, Heidelberg, New York,
  

  Otherwise the address of the publisher is never obligatory:

  Springer,
  

• An ATUYPI bibliography item optionally can be started with a label, which is a number followed by a dot or an arbitrary alphanumeric string enclosed by square brackets or by curly braces, like 1., [1], [A2], {Knuth87}.

ATUYPI classify the publications into 3 classes (ARTICLE, BOOK, MISCELLANEOUS), and into 17 document types:

ARTICLE CLASS

article

a peer-reviewed publication that contains original research results or reviews existing results and published in a scholarly journal.

collection

an article in a collection of articles published in a book. E.g. a proceedings article – that is an article published in the context of an academic conference – is belonging to this document type.

conference

a conference article published in a book: like proceedings article but with the title (and with some other information) of the conference.

conf

a conference article published in the booklet of the conference: like conference article but without book title and publisher.

periodical

a not necessarily scientific article published in a periodical – like in a magazine or newspaper –, giving the exact date of publication. The dailies are included.

online

an article published in an online only journal (continuous page numbering is not guaranteed, so no page information is necessary, the URL is enough).

BOOK CLASS

book

a whole book, typically scholarly book, monograph, or advanced textbook.

series

a whole book published in a series of books.

thesis

a thesis or dissertation is a document submitted for a university or academic qualification or degree.

report

a report presents the not necessarily peer-reviewed results of a work, published under the responsibility of the originating organization of the work. The 'Scientific report' and 'Technical report' belong to this type of publications. The publications controlled by an organization or company, like 'White paper' or 'Green paper' of a government, or 'Users guide', 'User Manual' of some products are also listed here.

chapter

a chapter (or any part) of a book if the chapters (parts) are published in an edited compilation and written by different authors. A work in an anthology or an article in an encyclopedia with the name of the author(s) are also belonging here.

entry

entry in a book, especially in a dictionary or encyclopedia with no separately named authors.

MISCELLANEOUS CLASS

site

a whole web site or a part of it, generally published by an organization with no authors given. The cited version or the access date of the publication can be specified but only in its exact, full yyyy-mm-dd format.

web

a document published on the web and not belonging to the ARTICLE or BOOK class ('Online teaching material', 'Online document', 'W3C Recommendation', 'Blog',…).

standard

a standard with its identification number.

patent

a patent with its identification number.

personal

information getting by personal communication, including the Internet communication.

misc

any other publication not given above (program code, database, video, motion picture, sound recording, artwork, map, music score, case,…). The type of the publication is explicitly given.

• et al. is written at the end of the author field, if not all authors are listed.
• ed., eds., editor or editors is written after the editors in an author field.
• trans. is written at the end of the author field for a translator.
• Rev. edn., 1st edn., 2nd edn., 3rd edn., 4th edn.,… is placed at the end of the author-title block if the edition number is given, or e.g. 2010 edn. if the year define the edition. (For the unique decoding we propose here edn. for edition instead of ed. as ed. is used for editor.)
• In: is given before a book author-title pair, when an article is published in a book, like in proceedings, conference books or article collections, but not used at a chapter of a book or at an entry of an encyclopedia or a dictionary.
• Vol. or No. is written before a volume number or issue number of an article when it is not an arabic number (or optionally in any case). Vol. is always used before the volume number of a book.
• p. or pp. is written before a page number when it is not an arabic number (or optionally in any case).
• Chap. is used before a chapter number.
• Available from is written before an URL, typically when the URL offers an alternative place to reach the document, e.g. in the case of a preprint version.
• cited or accessed can be written after a date of a web page.
• in preparation, unpublished, submitted, accepted expresses the status of an article, unpublished manuscript, in print expresses the status of a book.
• doi:, Patent No.:, Standard No.:, Report No.:, arXiv:, ISBN:, ISSN: are used at the beginning of the items in the Identifier field.

First we list the fields of a bibliography item. The order of the fields is fixed, it is the same for every type of publications.

A: Author(s) or editor(s)

This field is a comma-separated list of author or editor names.

• The name of every author is given in the same format:

  von Last, First
  von Last, First (suffix) 
  

  Abbreviation of the first names is possible, but the initials must be separated by a white space, by a dot or by both. For example

  van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert
  van der Waerden, B L
  van der Waerden, B.L.
  van der Waerden, B. L.
  Lenstra, H W (Jr)
  Lenstra, Hendrik Willem (Jr)
  

  are correct forms, but the next forms are not allowed!

  Bartel Leendert van der Waerden   # no comma in the name
  B L van der Waerden               # no comma in the name
  Lenstra, H.W., Jr.                # two commas in the name
  Lenstra, H. W. Jr.                # suffix is not in parantheses
  van der Waerden, BL               # the initials are not separated
  

  If an initial letter has more then one characters, then a dot must be used.

  Gagarin, Yuri
  Gagarin, Yu.
  Kovács, Csaba
  Kovács, Cs.
  

  The application of these rules are presented in the next journal article record:

  Lenstra, A. K., Lenstra, H. W. (Jr), Lovász, L.,
  "Factoring polynomials with rational coefficients",
  "Mathematische Annalen" 261(4), (1982), 515–534, 
  doi:10.1007/BF01457454
  

• The list of authors is closed by the abbreviation et al. if not all authors are listed, by ed. or eds. in case of editor or editors, and by trans. if the name of the translator is given:

  Mitcham, C, Cutcliffe, S H, eds. "Visions of STS: Contextualizing Science,
  Technology, and Society Studies" SUNY Press; Albany, New York, 2001
  
  Luria, AR "The mind of a mnemonist" Solotaroff, L, trans.
  Avon Books; New York, 1969
  
  Hofmeyr, GJ, Neilson, JP, Alfirevic, Z, et al. 
  "A Cochrane pocketbook: Pregnancy and childbirth"
  John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Chichester, West Sussex, England, 2008
  

• If the author is an organization, the name of it is closed by a colon:

  Select Committee on Climate Policy of the Australian Parliment:
  "Climate policy report" The Senate; Canberra, 2009
  

T: Title or Type of document

The text of this field is always enquoted.

• The title of a document, a series of documents, a journal or a conference title is enquoted by " characters. A double quotation mark in the title can be signed by two consecutive " characters. E.g. a title with quotation looks like this:

  "A ""quotation"" in a title"
  

• In most bibliography formats, the name of some types can be given after the title (e.g. 'Thesis', 'PhD Dissertation', 'White paper', 'User Guide' 'User Manual', 'Personal communication'). We will consider them as a higher level of title, so the place of them fits to the ATUYPI concept. These titles are enquoted by ' characters.

  Kónya, Balázs "Continued fraction representation of
  quantum mechanical Green's operators", 'PhD thesis',
  University of Debrecen, 2000.
  
  "Digital Signature Label Architecture", 'W3C Working Draft',
  1997-06-10, http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-DSIG-label-arch
  

  A single quotation mark in the name of the type can be signed by two consecutive ' characters:

  Tantau, Till, "The BEAMER class", 'User''s guide', 2007
  

• A subtitle can be separated in the title by a colon:

  "Title: Subtitle"
  

  An example in a journal article:

  Cowan, Nelson, "Acquisition of Pig Latin: A Case Study"
  "Journal of Child Language" 16(2), (1989), 365--386.
  

• The title of the original work can be added in square brackets inside the quotation marks:

  McCarthy, John "Reduplicative Infixation in Secret Languages 
  [L'Infixation reduplicative dans les langages secrets]", 
  "Langages" 25(101), 1991, 11-29. 
  

A-T pairs

The author-title pair can be repeated at most three times.

• The later title is on the higher level. A chapter of a book in a book series shows this in the next example:

  Burkholder, Donald L. "Martingales and Fourier analysis in Banach spaces"
  Letta, G, Partelli, M eds. "Probability and Analysis",
  "Lecture Notes", Vol. 1206, Springer; Berlin, Heidelberg, 1986, 61-108.
  

• If an article published in a book like in a proceedings, the In: string must precede the author-title pair of the book. A conference paper is given in the next example, where the second title is title of the conference, the third one is the title of the book:

  Naor, M, Shamir, A, "Visual Cryptography", "Advances in Cryptology - 
  EUROCRYPT '94: Workshop on the Theory and Application of 
  Cryptographic Techniques. Perugia, Italy, 1994-05-09/14", 
  In: De Santis, A ed. "EUROCRYPT", Springer, 1994, 1--12
  

U-fields: volUme, nUmber (issUe), pUblisher

Volume-number-publisher: this order must be kept if more than one U-fields are used.

• Vol. written before a volume number of a journal when it is not a positive arabic number (or optionally in any case).
• Vol. have to be used before the volume of a book, or before the volume number of a book in a book series.
• No. is written before an issue number when it is not a positive arabic number (or optionally in any case).
• There is no issue number without volume number. The books has no issue number, only the journals and periodicals.
• The accepted syntax for volume-issue pair at journals and periodicals is one of the next:

  volume(number), 
  volume.number, 
  volume:number,
  Vol. volume, No. number,
  

• The publisher field has the name of the publisher and optionally the place of the publisher, which is generally the name of a city with a country or a comma separated list of cities. Avoiding confusions with commas, use semicolon between the publisher and the address of the publisher:

  publisher,
  publisher; address,
  

  Examples:

  Springer,
  Springer; Berlin, Heidelberg, New York,
  Equilibrium Books, a Division of Wish Pubishing; Terre Haute, Indiana,
  

Y: Year or date

Year is a 4-digit number, but in some cases the yyyy-mm-dd format of the date is applied (e.g. newspaper article, date of the version of a site, or the access date of it). In case of magazines, the yyyy-mm or yyyy-mm/mm format might be enough. The date optionally can be parenthesesed. In format of the date the ISO 8601 standard have to be followed, so instead of '12 Mar 2005' write 2005-03-12, instead of '2010 Jan' write 2010-01, instead of '2010 Mar Apr' write 2010-03/04. If more than one date is given, use square brackets for the other dates, like in the next example:

2010-02-27 [cited 2011-03-15]

P: Page or web Page

Giving this information helps the determination of the exact location of the document.

• The page is either two integers (starting and end page) separated by one or two dashes (e.g. 125-144, 125–144 or pp. 125–144), or one integer (starting page, e.g. 125 or p. 125), or might have letters and symbols, but in that case the p. or pp. abbreviation precede it (e.g. p. A12 or pp. A12–A23).
• The abbreviation Chap. is used at chapters, if the order number of chapter is known but the page number is not (e.g. in online documents).
• In the URL of the web page or any web address apply the ordinary syntax enclosed by < and > characters (e.g. <www.pp.bme.hu>). The enclosure is not necessary if the URL starts with http.
• Available from: can also be used before the URL, typically when the URL offers an alternative place to reach the document, e.g. in the case of a preprint version.

I: Identifiers

The identifier field is obligatory in patents and standards. More then one identifiers can be listed. Every one of them is started with the name or abbreviation of the identifier, like DOI:, Patent No.:, Standard No.:, arXiv:, ISBN:, ISSN:, and finished with a colon.

Giving the Doi identifier is not obligatory, as the older articles has no doi-code, but is highly recommended when it exists.

Begin & end

Before the first field one may add a label to every bibliography item. As there are numbered bibliography lists, and labeled with bracketed or enbraced strings, ATUYPI allows all these possibilities.

If the description of a bibliography item is not possible in the syntax detailed above, ATUYPI allows to add a closing note to every item in brackets. There can be added any comment or additional information.

Brancusi, Constantin, "The Kiss" 'Tomb' 1909 
[Tomb of T. Rachevskaia, Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris]

In this point we list some explanations, how to determine the type of a publication.

• If the first six fields are author-title-title-volume(number)-year-page, then the type is article. If the page is missing, then the type is online. Reasoning: online journals generally have no continuous page numbering, so the page numbers do not help finding the paper, the URL is enough.
• Only the collection and conference type has the string In:. This expresses that an article published not in a journal or any periodical but in a book.
• The periodical, thesis, report, web, personal, misc types are given by the syntax: they can be determined from the 'enqouted' fields.
• The standard and patent types are determined by their identifiers.
• Two titles with publisher and without In: defines series, chapter or entry. At series type there is no page number, at entry type there is no author in the first author-title pair.
• If title-publisher-year fields are present, and the type is not listed above, the type is book.
• If there is no year or the year-month-date format is used and the type is not listed above, then it is a site. The reason that a site is generally continuously changing, so the exact date of the construction or the exact access date is relevant, giving the year only meaningless.
• In the BOOK class, only the chapter and entry types have page numbers. If we want to cite a given page of a document of the book, series, thesis or report type, then the page number must be given in the text and not in the reference. (Similarly, if we want to cite an element of a book, e.g. a picture or a table, then this must be described in the text.)

The next table summarize the connections between types and fields, showing whether a field is obligatory, optional, or forbidden in a bibliography type. The obligatory fields denoted by bold letters, the optionals by colored bold letters, and the forbidden fields left empty.

The notations used in the table:

• A: Author, e: editor, o: organization as an author, s: series editor, t: translator (Aeo means: the field is either an author, or an editor or an author organization).
• aT: article title, bT: book title, cT: chapter title, dT: conference title with description, eT: entry, jT: journal title, sT: series title, Ti: any other type of title.
• Ty: Type of the document.
• edn: edition.
• med: media.
• In: the string before the A2-T2 or A3-T3 pairs.
• Um: U-fields – volUme(nUmber) – both can be given, but nUmber is optional.
• vU: U-fields – volUme without nUmber.
• pU: U-fields – pUblisher.
• Un: U-fields – University, Academy or other organization as a publisher.
• oU: U-fields – Organization as a publisher.
• Y4: Year-field in 4-digit format.
• YD: Year-field in a more detailed format (YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD or YYYY-MM/MM).
• PP: Page-field with page number.
• PC: Page-field with page or chapter number.
• WP: web Page, URL.
• Id: Identifiers.